Q. What are various data types supported by C#? illustrate the use of
each through suitable examples.
In C# there are three categories of Data Types :-
·
Value Type – The
values types hold actual values.
·
Reference Type – Hold
references to values stored somewhere in memory.
·
Pointer Type- Pointer
manipulation (unsafe Code)
- Static variables
- Variable of instance
- Array's elements
- Parameters given by reference
- Parameters given by value
- Returned values
- Local variables.
Static Variables
will be alive throughout the life of a program. It can be declared using static
modifier.
An Instance variable is a variable declared without static
modifier. Usually it is declared inside a class or structure definition.
Parameter
Values can be viewed
as input parameters into methods/functions.
public static void Sum(int a, int b)
{
Console.WriteLine("The sum of elements {0} and {1} is {2}",a,b,a + b);
}
{
Console.WriteLine("The sum of elements {0} and {1} is {2}",a,b,a + b);
}
CSharp has something called Reference variables. Reference variables also have a
modifier out which can be used before their type.
Constants in C#:
Constant type of data
cannot be changed at the time of program execution. To declare a constant variable
the keyword const is used. An
example for the constant declaration is:
e.g.
const double PI = 3.1415;
sbyte: Holds 8-bit signed integers. The s in sbyte stands for
signed, meaning that the variable's value can be either positive or negative.
The smallest possible value for sbyte variable is -128; the largest possible
value is 127.
byte: Holds 8-bit unsigned integers. Unlike sbyte variables,
byte variables are not signed and can only hold positive numbers. The smallest
possible value for a byte variable is 0; the largest possible value is 255.
short: Holds 16-bit signed integers. The smallest possible value
for a short variable is -32,768; the largest possible value is 32,767.
ushort: Holds 16-bit unsigned integers. The u in ushort stands
for unsigned. The smallest possible value of an ushort variable is 0; the
largest possible value is 65,535.
int: Holds 32-bit signed integers. The smallest possible value
of an int variable is -2,147,483,648; the largest possible value is
2,147,483,647.
uint: Holds 32-bit unsigned integers. The u in uint stands for
unsigned. The smallest possible value of a uint variable is 0; the largest
possible value is 4,294,967,295.
long: Holds 64-bit signed integers. The smallest possible value
of a long variable is 9,223,372,036,854,775,808; the largest possible value is
9,223,372,036,854,775,807.
ulong: Holds 64-bit unsigned integers. The u in ulong stands for
unsigned. The smallest possible value of a ulong variable is 0; the largest
possible value is 18,446,744,073,709,551,615.
char: Holds 16-bit Unicode characters. The smallest possible
value of a char variable is the Unicode character whose value is 0; the largest
possible value is the Unicode character whose value is 65,535.
float: Holds a 32-bit signed floating-point value. The smallest
possible value of a float type is approximately 1.5 times 10 to the 45th power;
the largest possible value is approximately 3.4 times 10 to the 38th power.
double: Holds a 64-bit signed floating-point value. The smallest
possible value of a double is approximately 5 times 10 to the 324th; the
largest possible value is approximately 1.7 times 10 to the 308th.
decimal: Holds a 128-bit signed floating-point value. Variables of
type decimal are good for financial calculations. The smallest possible value
of a decimal type is approximately 1 times 10 to the 28th power; the largest
possible value is approximately 7.9 times 10 to the 28th power.
bool: Holds one of two possible values, true or false. The use
of the bool type is one of the areas in which C# breaks from its C and C++
heritage. In C and C++, the integer value 0 was synonymous with false, and any
nonzero value was synonymous with true. In C#, however, the types are not
synonymous. You cannot convert an integer variable into an equivalent bool
value. If you want to work with a variable that needs to represent a true or
false condition, use a bool variable and not an int variable.
Predefined C# reference types
string: Represents a
string of Unicode characters. It allows easy manipulation and assignment of
strings. Strings are immutable, meaning that once it is created it can't be
modified. So when you try to modify a string, such as concatenating it with
another string, a new string object is actually created to hold the new
resulting string.
object: Represents a
general purpose type. In C#, all predefined and user-defined types inherit from
the object type or System.Object
class.
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